1 The present demonstration is a simplified re-creation of his experiment. Edwin Land dramatically demonstrated the phenomenon with his "Color Mondrian" experiment and posited a retina/cortex system (retinex) explanation. Unlike a spectro-photometer, which cannot categorize the color of objects, the eye has evolved to see the world in unchanging colors, regardless of unpredicatable illumination. What It ShowsĬolor is not actually a property of light or of objects that reflect light it is a sensation that arises in the brain. Edwin Land, As quoted in In Alan R.The experiment addresses questions like "Does color inhere in the world, or in the eye?" It is a re-creation of Edwin Land's retinex theory experiment. Industry is best at the intersection of science and art. The recipient(s) should share Land's insatiable scientific intensity and curiosity in optics and imaging and, in part, reflect his image as inventor, scientist, entrepreneur, and teacher. This medal recognizes pioneering work empowered by scientific research to create inventions, technologies, and products. Land and to recognize his unique career as scientist, technologist, industrialist, humanist and public servant. Land Medal was established by The Optical Society (OSA) and the Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) to honor Edwin H. In his retirement years, he founded the Rowland Institute for Science at Harvard University. He resigned as chairman of Polaroid in 1980. In 1972, he was named an Honorary Member of the Optical Society in recognition of his preeminent service in the advancement of optics. Land was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and received the National Medal of Technology. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his optics research, the OSA Ives Medal, and the Cresson, Potts and Vermilye Medals from the Franklin Institute. He considered his leadership towards the development of integral instant color photography - the SX-70 film and camera -his crowning achievement.Īlthough Land held no formal degree, he received numerous honorary degrees, including ones from Harvard, Yale, and Columbia. His popular demonstrations of color constancy raised much interest in the concept. In the early 1970s, Land attempted to explain the previously known phenomenon of color constancy with his Retinex theory. Some of this work was later incorporated in his Retinex theory of color vision. Also in this decade, Land first discovered a two-color system for projecting the entire spectrum of hues with only two colors of projecting light. In the 1950s, Land and his team helped design the optics of the revolutionary Lockheed U-2 spy plane. That same year, Land became one of OSA's first Traveling Lecturers. Fifty-seven were put up for sale at Boston's Jordan Marsh department store before the 1948 Christmas holiday, and all 57 sold out in the first day in stores. Polaroid originally manufactured 60 units of this first camera. The Land Camera was commercially available two years later. In 1947 at OSA's Winter Meeting, Land demonstrated an instant camera and associated film. During World War II, Land worked on military tasks, which included developing dark-adaptation goggles, target finders, the first passively guided smart bombs, and a special stereoscopic viewing system called the Vectrograph which revealed camouflaged enemy positions in aerial photography. Land further developed and produced sheet polarizers under the Polaroid trademark.Īlthough the initial major application was for sunglasses and scientific work, it quickly found many additional applications, including: color animation in the Wurlitzer 850 Peacock jukebox of 1942, glasses in full-color stereoscopic (3-D) movies, and to control brightness of light through a window. The company was renamed the Polaroid Corporation in 1937. After a few early successes developing polarizing filters for sunglasses and photographic filters, Land obtained funding from a series of Wall Street investors for further expansion. In 1932, he established the Land-Wheelwright Laboratories with his Harvard physics instructor to commercialize his polarizing technology. His breakthrough came when he realized that instead of attempting to grow a large single crystal of a polarizing substance, he could manufacture a film with millions of micrometer-sized polarizing crystals that were coaxed into perfect alignment with each other.Īfter developing the polarizing film, Land returned to Harvard, but still did not finish his degree. During his first year at Harvard University he studied chemistry but soon left for New York City.ĭespite not having a lab or degree, Land was able to invent the first inexpensive filters capable of polarizing light. He attended the Norwich Free Academy in Conn., and graduated in 1927. OSA Honorary Member Edwin Land was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA.
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